The term new religious movement has been employed to. New religious movements, cults, new age and related phenomena. Disciplinary perspectives on new religious movements. A guide to new religious movements paperback june 26, 2005 by ronald m. Since our reformation of 2014 weve maintained 128 articles about religions formed by our contributors along with articles on currently existing new religious movements. While the number of people involved in new religious movements nrms is small, the attention they have received in the popular media and academic discourse suggest a greater significance. In 1954 scientology was founded in the united states and the unification church in south korea. Religious movements an overview sciencedirect topics. Abstract the purpose of this paper is to investigate the reasons behind the proliferation of new religious movements. Michael ashcrafts a historical introduction to the study of new religious movements has a unique format that progresses chronologically, drawing attention to both the key people in the study of nrms and the history and development of the anticult movement and the emergent study of nrms in the 20th century. One suggestion is to study the criticisms surrounding premodern new religious movements, which might be used to analyze the historical differentiation of religion. See all 3 formats and editions hide other formats and. Another avenue is the study of premodern terminologies and concepts for religious communities, which could provide a historical horizon for the ongoing debate about the typology of.
Heraclitus in eoinia island, zoroaster in persia and confucius in china preached new doctrines. Urban covers a range of emerging religions from the midnineteenth century to the present, including the nation of islam, mormonism, scientology, iskcon, wicca, the church of satan, peoples temple, and the branch davidians. New religious movements expanded in many nations in the 1950s and 1960s. It first describes the psychological approach, with reference both to the negative view which stresses the role of mind control in both recruiting and maintaining members, and to the literature that refutes it. New religious movements and the study of folklore folklore.
New age beliefs common among religious, nonreligious. The rise and proliferation of new religious movements. Pdf the term new religious movement, or nrms, at a superficial level at least, is a useful form of terminology to describe a large number of. Pdf new religious movements, cults, new age and related. Indian philosophical doctrines began to influence western. Millenarianism is a not a new phenomenon however in both the religious and secular world, it has been recurrent throughout history. This introduction provides a brief overview of the period known as the long nineteenth century, which played host to and helped to shape numerous new religious movements. Millennialism religious eschatology and apocalyptic beliefs, often founded in the book of revelation particularly chapter 20 1,000 year reign of earth with christand the saints before the final judgement.
It combines well selected source materials with knowledgeable and accessible introductions. Role of media on new religious movements 8 august 2016 the media are significant actors in events leading to episodes of violence involving new religious movements since their emergence from the. Meaning and significance of new religious movements oxford. Some of the founders of new religious movements are against the leadership systems of the dominant religions. Discover articles and resources about the major alternative religions and their belief systems. Japanese new religions became very popular after the shinto directive 1945 forced a separation of the japanese government and shinto, which had been the state religion, bringing about greater freedom of religion. A specialist in the sociology of religion and new religious movements, he is the author of many books, including a guide to new religious movements. The new religious movements were largely reactions to the worldwide spread of secular modernity. Moreover, they are having a profound impact on the form and content of mainstream religion. These materials constitute, in effect, a theory of radicalization in new religious movements. Selfchosen involvement in new religious movements nrms. Its contributors are drawn equally from sociology and religious studies and include both established scholars and rising stars in the field.
University of detroit for more than a decade western society, in particular the united states of america,1 has seen the rise and proliferation of religious and spiritual groups which the public has undiscerningly and indiscriminately. Bryan wilsons contribution to the study of the new religious. New religious movement nrm is a term given by scholars to groups that are new in so far as they became visible in their present form after world war ii, and religious in so far as they. New religious movement, any relatively new religion characterized by innovative responses to modern conditions, perceived counterculturalism, eclecticism and syncretism, and charismatic and sometimes authoritarian leadership. The rise and proliferation of new religious movements nrms. There is now a fairly extensive case literature on these groups and events, and related theorizing about the causes of this violence. New religious movement new religious movement the influence of the east. A study of religious change in the modern world 2006.
The new religions, sects and alternative spiritualities are categorized according to the religious traditions from which they spring includes bibliographical references and index. It provides students with the tools to understand questions of race, religion, and american religious history. The sects and movements that were new a century or more agoseventh. Focuses on the rise of new religious movements in italy, brazil, united states, germany and britain. New york, brooklyn, long island, staten island, new jersey pdf. First, the cults are developing their own theologies, which at times run counter to the religious teachings and assumptions of the mainline christian denomi nations. Oxford handbook of new religious movements oxford handbooks. Ronald enroth is professor of sociology at westmont college in santa barbara, california. New age, neopagan, and new religious movements is the most extensive study to date of modern american alternative spiritual currents. The study of new religious movements nrms is one of the fastestgrowing areas of religious studies, and since the release of the first edition of the oxford handbook of new religious movements in 2003, the field has continued to expand and break new ground. Role of media on new religious movements essay sample. Learn how different alternative religions developed and changed with time and the important events that shaped individual faiths. New religious movements is a highly unique volume, bringing together primary documents conveying the words and ideas of a wide array of new religious movements nrms, and offering a firsthand look into their belief systems.
New religious movements are generally seen as syncretic, employing human and material assets to disseminate their ideas and worldviews, deviating in some degree from a societys traditional forms or doctrines, focused especially upon the self, and having a peripheral relationship that exists in a state of tension with established societal. Bryan wilson pointed to the similarities and differences within and between new religious movements nrms, established sectarian movements and older reli. New religious movements in the long nineteenth century. Oct 23, 2017 some of the founders of new religious movements are against the leadership systems of the dominant religions. Arranged by the editors according to a new typology, the text allows readers to consider nrms along five interrelated pathwaysfrom those that offer new perceptions of. In the popular media, nrms are most often seen as a social problem.
New religious movement is a new term from academic discourse, and is applied to religious movements from the 19th century onwards. The oxford handbook of new religious movements covers the current state of the field and breaks new ground. Violence and new religious movements practicalmattersjournal. Their incidence and significance introduction the subject that i address in this introduction the incidence and significance of new religious movements is enormous, and the necessity to select a few points from the many that could be raised is. A partially annotated bibliographical directory new religious movements texts. The religions of india have intrigued the west for millennia, but it was only in the 19th century that accurate and relatively comprehensive information regarding the teachings and practices of hinduism and buddhism appeared in europe and the united states. Rv smith, violence and new religious movements edited by james r. A new religious movement nrm is a religious, ethical, or spiritual group or community with. New religious movements in western europe religioscope. Cults versus new religions is a matter of perspective, says ori tavor, a senior lecturer in the department of east asian languages and civilizations, who teaches a class on new religious movements. Understanding new religious movements pdf,, download ebookee alternative successful tips for a much healthier ebook reading experience.
Thus, one can detect a general theory, commonly shared by many of the new religions, about the relation between experience and. Encyclopedia of new religious movements new religious movements nrms can involve vast numbers of followers and in many cases are radically changing the way people understand and practice religion and spirituality. The rise and proliferation of new religious movements nrms in nigeria murtala ibrahim berlin graduate school muslim cultures and societies freie university berlin. The appendix containing an essay by douglas cowan on the history of anticult and countercult movements is a very helpful addition. In this article, originally published in 1995, professor bryan ronald wilson surveys social challenges facing new religious movements, in particular the problem of intolerance. For instance, the catholics papacy received a lot of opposition before the formation of new religious movements. Fisher incisively observes that, all of the major religions we have examined were once new. As a new religion becomes older, it tends to attain a greater degree of acceptance within society because it is considered less different or deviant.
Highlighting the impact and occasional convergence of various political, social, and religious movements and events in both the united states and globally, this essay seeks to show that the examination of new religious. The study of new religious movements nrms is one of the fastestgrowing areas of religious studies. Americans who reject both the religious and spiritual labels also are more likely to reject new age beliefs. And among those who say they are religious and spiritual, 65% espouse at least one new age belief.
Pdf selfchosen involvement in new religious movements. In academic studies, they are more often associated with processes of social change and the critique of modernity. Meaning and significance of new religious movements. Download understanding new religious movements pdf ebook. Contemporary new religious movements scientology religion.
Welcome to the newreligionwiki, otherwise known as nrm wiki, a free online encyclopedia where contributors edit, converse about religion, philosophy, ethics, or life in general. New religious movement the influence of the east britannica. New religious movements in the long nineteenth century nova. New books in new religious movements, 20152018 reading. Some of the new religious movements come up when a founder claims to possess extraordinary and supernatural powers. A documentary reader is an essential text for courses on new religions. The study of new religious movements and the process of. Third, we have selected works that are representative of the academic study of new religious movements nrms, with a range of methodological approaches.
Oct 01, 2018 and among those who say they are religious and spiritual, 65% espouse at least one new age belief. This encyclopedia gives readers a comprehensive map of the significant religious and spiritual groups functioning in todays world, especially in the west. Organized in chronological order of the founding of each movement, this documentary reader brings to life new religious movements from the 18th century to the present. Modern african religious movements are best understood if interpreted as creative and innovative responses to the historically unprecedented levels of upheaval and change in every area of life cultural, economic, environmental, social, political, and religious that followed the imposition of colonial rule, beginning in the second half of the. Though minority religions had regularly populated the fringes of western culture throughout history, a host of new religious movements had appeared in north america at the end of the 1960s and incited public controversy.
New religious movements are sometimes pejoratively referred to as cults. In india too, we find an upheaval of new ideas leading to the rise of new philosophical tenets and religious sects. New religious movements chapter overview this chapter explores religious movements that have emerged during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Social context of new religious movements new religious movements are often popularly referred to as cults or sects. They were responses to the insufficiencies of what is often touted as the worlds global political standard. This chapter examines the methods and theories proposed by four major disciplines to understand the presence of new religious movements in the west. Roughly threeinten or fewer in this group believe in psychics, reincarnation, astrology or that spiritual energy can be found in objects. The term new religious movement, or nrms, at a superficial level at least, is a useful form of terminology to describe a large number of groups or organisations. The oxford handbook of new religious movements james r. In the 1970s a new subfield in academia developed around the study of what was termed new religions. New age, neopagan, and new religious movements by hugh b.